By 50 BC Maltese coins had a Greek legend on one side and a Latin one on the other. The reports claimed that the government's approach might have led to avoidable deaths. [231] The Maltese-resident population for 2004 was estimated to make up 97.0 per cent of the total resident population. A number of wines have achieved Protected Designation of Origin, with wines produced from grapes cultivated in Malta and Gozo designated as “DOK” wines, that is Denominazzjoni ta’ l-Oriġini Kontrollata. See Tripadvisor's Malta, Europe hotel deals and special prices on 30+ hotels all in one spot. Today, Ta' Qali houses a national park, stadium, the Crafts Village visitor attraction and the Malta Aviation Museum. [75] During the 1st century BC the island was mentioned by Pliny the Elder and Diodorus Siculus: the latter praised its harbours, the wealth of its inhabitants, its lavishly decorated houses and the quality of its textile products. Various Catholic religious orders are present in Malta, including the Jesuits, Franciscans, Dominicans, Carmelites and Little Sisters of the Poor. "Melita" is the spelling used in the Authorized (King James) Version of 1611 and in the American Standard Version of 1901. Service providers to these industries, including fiduciary and trustee business, are a core part of the growth strategy of the island. The rest are privately owned. Great Britain, along with the Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of Sicily, sent ammunition and aid to the Maltese and Britain also sent her navy, which blockaded the islands. [citation needed]. Napoleon's fleet arrived in 1798, en route to his expedition of Egypt. The knights, led by Frenchman Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master of the Order, withstood the Great Siege of Malta by the Ottomans in 1565. The festivities still commence today with the reading of the "bandu", an official governmental announcement, which has been read on this day in Malta since the 16th century. [134] After tough negotiations, a referendum was held on 8 March 2003, which resulted in a favourable vote. Malta voted in favour of divorce legislation in a referendum held on 28 May 2011. Subject to their performance, students may then apply for an undergraduate degree or diploma. For centuries, the Church in Malta was subordinate to the Diocese of Palermo, except when it was under Charles of Anjou, who appointed bishops for Malta, as did – on rare occasions – the Spanish and later, the Knights. MIME, the Maltese Institute for Medical Education, is an institute set up recently to provide CME to physicians in Malta as well as medical students. [144], The AFM also engages in combating terrorism, fighting against illicit drug trafficking, conducting anti-illegal immigrant operations and patrols, and anti-illegal fishing operations, operating search and rescue (SAR) services, and physical or electronic security and surveillance of sensitive locations. ), St John Ambulance and Red Cross Malta who provide first aid/nursing services during events involving crowds. [111], During 12–18 June 1798, Napoleon resided at the Palazzo Parisio in Valletta. Malta is currently undergoing several large-scale building projects, including the construction of SmartCity Malta, the M-Towers and Pendergardens, while areas such as the Valletta Waterfront and Tigné Point have been or are being renovated.[282]. Malta - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Malta - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). SAVE! ", "Renaming Malta the Republic of Phoenicia", "Roman Times – History of Malta – Visit Malta", "The House of Aragon and Malta: 1282–1412", "La cesión de Malta a los Caballeros de San Juan a través de la cédula del 4 de marzo de 1530", "LA SOBERANA ORDEN DE MALTA A TRAVÉS DE DIEZ SIGLOS DE HISTORIA Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA ACCIÓN HUMANITARIA", El halcón maltés regresará a España dos siglos después, "La verdadera historia del halcón maltés", "El Rey volverá a tener otro halcón maltés en primavera", "The French in Malta 1798 – 1800 : reflections on an insurrection", "Napoleon's bedroom at Palazzo Parisio in Valletta! Since 1967 there was observed a trend indicating an ageing population, and is expected to continue in the foreseeable future. Preti spent the last 40 years of his life in Malta, where he created many of his finest works, now on display in the Museum of Fine Arts in Valletta. Malta wa… Maltese has a Semitic base with substantial borrowing from Sicilian, Italian, a little French, and more recently and increasingly, English. [280], Maltese architecture has been influenced by many different Mediterranean cultures and British architecture over its history. Another conjecture suggests that the word Malta comes from the Phoenician word Maleth, "a haven",[37] or 'port'[38] in reference to Malta's many bays and coves. "Electoral Participation." There are several Charismatic, Pentecostal, and Baptist churches, including the Bible Baptist Church, Knisja Evanġelika Battista, and Trinity Evangelical Church - a Reformed Baptist Church. These may have been caused by wooden-wheeled carts eroding soft limestone. The eight-pointed, or Maltese, cross, adopted by the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem in 1126, is commonly linked with Malta’s identity and is printed on the country’s euro coin. The current president of Malta is Marie Louise Coleiro Preca, and the current prime minister is Joseph Muscat. After the Second World War, Malta's Emigration Department would assist emigrants with the cost of their travel. The island-state of Malta is located in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily (Italy), it consists of three islands: Malta, Gozo, and Comino, of which Malta is the largest island. Looking at the map of Europe, Malta lies just 93 km (58 miles) South of Sicily (Italy) in Southern Europe and roughly 300 km … It was besieged by the Axis powers during World War II and was an important Allied base for operations in North Africa and the Mediterranean. In the coldest month – January – the typical maximum temperature ranges from 12 to 18 °C (54 to 64 °F) during the day and minimum 6 to 12 °C (43 to 54 °F) at night. The bus service underwent an extensive reform in July 2011. Although the event was not highly advertised, and was controversial due to the closing of an arterial street on the day, it is deemed to have been successful and will most likely be organised every year. Buses (xarabank or karozza tal-linja) are the primary method of public transport, established in 1905. [227] Officially, it is a national festival dedicated to the feast of Saints Peter and St. Paul. French financial and religious policies so angered the Maltese that they rebelled, forcing the French to depart. The Fertile Soil (Preservation) Act of 1973 requires that, when soils are removed from construction sites, they be taken to agricultural areas, and level stretches in quarries are often covered with carted soil. [82] Under its 1964 constitution, Malta initially retained Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Malta and thus head of state, with a governor-general exercising executive authority on her behalf. Traditionally, grooms would promise to take their brides to Mnarja during the first year of marriage. Speaking of the battle Voltaire said, "Nothing is better known than the siege of Malta. [307], Island country in the central Mediterranean, This article is about the country. [24] The country became a republic in 1974. The Maltese are renowned for their warmth, hospitality, and generosity to strangers, a trait that was noted in the Acts of the Apostles, with respect to the experience of St. Paul, the Apostle, who was said to have been shipwrecked off Malta in 60 ce. The most common indigenous trees on the islands are olive (Olea europaea), carob (Ceratonia siliqua), fig (ficus carica), holm oak (Quericus ilex) and Aleppo pine (Pinus halpensis), while the most common non-native trees are eucalyptus, acacia and opuntia. Where is Malta located? In the 6 months – from June to November – the average sea temperature exceeds 20 °C (68 °F). The collective award remained unique until April 1999, when the Royal Ulster Constabulary became the second – and, to date, the only other – recipient of a collective George Cross. [67][68] Also the local Roman coinage, which ceased in the 1st century BC,[69] indicates the slow pace of the island's Romanization, since the last locally minted coins still bear inscriptions in Ancient Greek on the obverse (like "ΜΕΛΙΤΑΙΩ", meaning "of the Maltese") and Punic motifs, showing the resistance of the Greek and Punic cultures. [252] [39], Malta has been inhabited from around 5900 BC,[40] since the arrival of settlers from the island of Sicily. Temple at Mnajdra, Malta, the oldest freestanding temple in the world. The festival is usually held in the last week of April every year. With lower fares than the walk-on rate, it can be topped up online. [66] Paul the Apostle remained on the islands three months, preaching the Christian faith. Some living trees date back to the 1st century A.D. Maltese sand crocus, commonly encountered on the Maltese steppe, which is endemic. Few other etymological mentions appear in classical literature, with the term Malta appearing in its present form in the Antonine Itinerary (Itin. Żebbuġ, or olives, typical of the Mediterranean sea. Primary schooling has been compulsory since 1946; secondary education up to the age of sixteen was made compulsory in 1971. Public schools tend to use both Maltese and English in a balanced manner. The main urban area covers the entire main island, with a population of around 400,000. Its capital Valletta, a lively, bustling city with many buildings dating back to the 16th century, teems with cathedrals, palaces and forts. [242] Still, Italian television channels from Italy-based broadcasters, such as Mediaset and RAI, reach Malta and remain popular. The Knights' presence on the island saw the completion of many architectural and cultural projects, including the embellishment of Città Vittoriosa (modern Birgu), the construction of new cities including Città Rohan (modern Ħaż-Żebbuġ) . Where is the island of Malta located? In 1971, the Malta Labour Party led by Dom Mintoff won the general elections, resulting in Malta declaring itself a republic on 13 December 1974 (Republic Day) within the Commonwealth, with the President as head of state. [66] Little is known about the Byzantine rule in Malta: the island depended on the theme of Sicily and had Greek Governors and a small Greek garrison. This migration was driven pre-dominantly at a time where the Maltese economy was steadily booming yet the cost and quality of living on the island remained relatively stable. Annulments by the ecclesiastical and civil courts are unrelated and are not necessarily mutually endorsed. [210] The public tender was won by Arriva Malta, a member of the Arriva group, which introduced a fleet of brand new buses, built by King Long especially for service by Arriva Malta and including a smaller fleet of articulated buses brought in from Arriva London. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Valletta is the capital city of the country Malta, which is located in the Mediterranean and forms part of Europe (and a member state of the European Union). Its sister paper, L-Orizzont ("The Horizon"), is the Maltese daily with the biggest circulation. Cassar Pullicino, J. In March and December average temperatures are around 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 11 °C (52 °F) at night. Malta is an archipelago in the central Mediterranean (in its eastern basin), some 80 km (50 mi) from southern Italy across the Malta Channel. The island of Malta specifically played a vital strategic role in World War II as a base for the Allied Powers. [213] The company took over the bus service on 8 January 2015, while retaining the name Malta Public Transport. It was established by the Central Bank of Malta Act on 17 April 1968. The population of Malta as of July 2011[update] was estimated at 408,000. [242] Most university courses are in English. The objectives of the Armed Forces of Malta (AFM) are to maintain a military organisation with the primary aim of defending the islands' integrity according to the defence roles as set by the government in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Malta International Airport (Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Malta) is the only airport serving the Maltese islands. Members of the House of Representatives are elected by direct universal suffrage through single transferable vote every five years, unless the House is dissolved earlier by the president either on the advice of the prime minister or through the adoption of a motion of no confidence carried within the House of Representatives and not overturned within three days. Since the late 20th century, Malta has become a transit country for migration routes from Africa towards Europe. Human settlement and construction developments have altered the distribution and composition of soils. Blouet, B. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. One of the three principal islands of the Maltese archipelago, the island of Malta is the largest of the chain. The President of Malta, a largely ceremonial position, is appointed for a five-year term by a resolution of the House of Representatives carried by a simple majority. [242][271], Malta is also a popular destination to study the English language, attracting over 80,000 students in 2012. To the south, however, the plateau gradually descends from about 600 to 830 feet (180 to 250 metres) into undulating areas of globigerina (derived from marine protozoa) limestone less than 300 feet (90 metres) in elevation. Although there are some small rivers at times of high rainfall, there are no permanent rivers or lakes on Malta. Then follows a blank period lasting until about 1000 b.c., when the Phoenicians colonized the island, drawn by its favorable location for trade. [193], In preparation for Malta's membership in the European Union, which it joined on 1 May 2004, it privatised some state-controlled firms and liberalised markets. Most science students in Malta graduate from the University of Malta and are represented by S-Cubed (Science Student's Society), UESA (University Engineering Students Association) and ICTSA (University of Malta ICT Students' Association).[228][229]. [299], Isle of MTV is a one-day music festival produced and broadcast on an annual basis by MTV. [106] During this period, the strategic and military importance of the island grew greatly as the small yet efficient fleet of the Order of Saint John launched their attacks from this new base targeting the shipping lanes of the Ottoman territories around the Mediterranean Sea. The rounded bays at Xlendi and Dwejra on the west coast of Gozo originated as underground caverns with roofs that have collapsed. Endemic plants include the national flower widnet il-baħar (Cheirolophus crassifolius), sempreviva ta' Malta (Helichrysum melitense), żigland t' Għawdex (Hyoseris frutescens) and ġiżi ta' Malta (Matthiola incana subsp. The country of Malta became independent from Britain and joined the Commonwealth in 1964 and was declared a republic on December 13, 1974. According to Eurostat, Malta is composed of two larger urban zones nominally referred to as "Valletta" (the main island of Malta) and "Gozo". (1987) The Story of Malta. Malta is situated about 80km South of Sicily (Italy), 284km East of Tunisia and 333 km North of Libya. Malta has been inhabited since approximately 5900 BC. The culture of Malta reflects the various cultures, from the Phoenicians to the British, that have come into contact with the Maltese Islands throughout the centuries, including neighbouring Mediterranean cultures, and the cultures of the nations that ruled Malta for long periods of time prior to its independence in 1964.[278]. Romanticism, tempered by the naturalism introduced to Malta by Giuseppe Calì, informed the "salon" artists of the early 20th century, including Edward and Robert Caruana Dingli. [66][79], Malta became involved in the Arab–Byzantine wars, and the conquest of Malta is closely linked with that of Sicily that began in 827 after Admiral Euphemius' betrayal of his fellow Byzantines, requesting that the Aghlabids invade the island. [253] According to a Eurobarometer survey conducted in 2019, 83% of the population identified as Catholic. [citation needed], Traditionally, Maltese newborns were baptised as promptly as possible, should the child die in infancy without receiving this vital Sacrament; and partly because according to Maltese (and Sicilian) folklore an unbaptised child is not yet a Christian, but "still a Turk". Malta followed a Romantic literary tradition, culminating in the works of Dun Karm Psaila, Malta's National Poet. [194] From 2000 to 2010, Malta privatised telecommunications,[195] postal services, shipyards[196] and Malta International Airport. The shipwreck is said to have occurred in the place today known as St Paul's Bay. The festival has been arranged annually in Malta since 2007, with major pop artists performing each year. The Rococo movement was greatly enhanced by the relocation to Malta of Antoine de Favray (1706–1798), who assumed the position of court painter to Grand Master Pinto in 1744. [81] It is uncertain whether this new settlement took place as a consequence of demographic expansion in Sicily, as a result of a higher standard of living in Sicily (in which case the recolonisation may have taken place a few decades earlier), or as a result of civil war which broke out among the Arab rulers of Sicily in 1038. [286] In 2018 the national collection of fine arts was moved and put on display in the new National Museum of Art, MUŻA, located at Auberge d’Italie in Valletta. Malta, island country located in the central Mediterranean Sea. A study collecting public opinion on what language was "preferred" discovered that 86 percent of the population express a preference for Maltese, 12 percent for English, and 2 percent for Italian. These trees are of the Bidni variety, which is only found on the islands. [32] The ancient Greeks called the island Μελίτη (Melitē) meaning "honey-sweet", possibly for Malta's unique production of honey; an endemic subspecies of bees live on the island. Advertising, sales, and subsidies are the three main methods of financing newspapers and magazines. Bajtar tax-xewk, or prickly pears, are commonly cultivated in Maltese villages. The Medical Association of Malta represents practitioners of the medical profession. Air Malta has concluded over 191 interline ticketing agreements with other IATA airlines. The capital is Valletta, while the largest locality is Saint Paul's Bay. [219] Malta uses the GSM900, UMTS(3G) and LTE(4G) mobile phone systems, which are compatible with the rest of the European countries, Australia and New Zealand. Several dozen Maltese Jews may have converted to Christianity at the time to remain in the country. [192] The current financial incentives to foreign productions as of 2015 stand at 25 per cent with an additional 2 per cent if Malta stands in as Malta; meaning a production can get up to 27 per cent back on their eligible spending incurred in Malta. In 2005 there were 51 brides aged between 16 and 19, compared to 8 grooms. In Valletta, the National Museum of Fine Arts featured work from artists such as H. Craig Hanna. This is a belief that Malta shares with many other Mediterranean cultures. Gozo has a gentle easterly dip, so the lower coralline limestone, which forms high cliffs on the west coast, declines to below sea level but reappears on the east coast at Qala Point. On 13 December 1974 (Republic Day) it became a republic within the Commonwealth, with the President as head of state. Pope Benedict XVI canonised Preca on 3 June 2007. [33], After the fall of Phoenicia in 332 BC, the area came under the control of Carthage, a former Phoenician colony. The latitude and longitude for the country are 35.8997° N, 14.5172° E. Between 1915 and 1918, during the First World War, Malta became known as the Nurse of the Mediterranean due to the large number of wounded soldiers who were accommodated in Malta. [238] The life expectancy in 2018 was estimated at 83. Of the estimated 3,000 Muslims in Malta, approximately 2,250 are foreigners, approximately 600 are naturalised citizens, and approximately 150 are native-born Maltese. Two of Caravaggio's most notable works, The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist and Saint Jerome Writing, are on display in the Oratory of the Conventual Church of St. John. The uplands are separated from the surrounding areas by blue clay slopes, while an undercliff area is found where the coralline plateau has fallen and forms a subordinate surface between the sea and the original shore. Malta is classified as an advanced economy together with 32 other countries according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It is presumed the population arrived from Sicily because of the similarity of Maltese dolmens to some small constructions found on the largest island of the Mediterranean sea. About half of Malta’s daily water needs are supplied by desalination plants throughout the islands. [33] Tancred, King of Sicily, the second to last Norman monarch, made Malta a fief of the kingdom and installed a Count of Malta in 1192. The Roman period introduced highly decorative mosaic floors, marble colonnades, and classical statuary, remnants of which are beautifully preserved and presented in the Roman Domus, a country villa just outside the walls of Mdina. The island of Malta possesses favourable conditions for the percolation and underground storage of water. [184], In 1869, the opening of the Suez Canal gave Malta's economy a great boost, as there was a massive increase in the shipping which entered the port. Upon obtaining these subjects, Pupils may opt to continue studying at a sixth form college such as Gan Frangisk Abela Junior College, St. Aloysius' College, Giovanni Curmi Higher Secondary, De La Salle College, St Edward's College, or else at another post-secondary institution such as MCAST. After the war, the movement for self-governance became stronger. The islands of Malta are dominated by limestone formations, and much of their coastlines consist of steep or vertical limestone cliffs indented by bays, inlets, and coves. [269], Maltese and English are both used to teach pupils at the primary and secondary school level, and both languages are also compulsory subjects. A number of private schools are run in Malta, including San Andrea School and San Anton School in the valley of L-Imselliet (l/o Mġarr), St. Martin's College in Swatar and St. Michael's School in San Ġwann. [52] The population on Malta grew cereals, raised livestock and, in common with other ancient Mediterranean cultures, worshiped a fertility figure represented in Maltese prehistoric artifacts exhibiting the proportions seen in similar statuettes, including the Venus of Willendorf. TVM, TVM2, and Parliament TV are operated by Public Broadcasting Services, the national broadcaster, and members of the EBU. In the warmest month – August – the typical maximum temperature ranges from 28 to 34 °C (82 to 93 °F) during the day and minimum 20 to 24 °C (68 to 75 °F) at night. [265] Nonetheless, Maltese communities formed in these regions. A question asked by many as it is a known fact that Malta is still a relatively well kept secret! Instead, he promised never to grant the title to a third party and incorporated it back into the crown. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, their first face-to-face encounter, which signalled the end of the Cold War. As a direct result, a significant level of uncertainty exists among expats in Malta as to whether their financial situation on the island will remain affordable in the years going forth, with many already barely living paycheck to paycheck and others re-locating to other European countries altogether. [189] The film Sons of the Sea was the first shot in Malta, in 1925;[190] by 2016, over 100 feature films had been entirely or partially filmed in the country since. "Patri Manwel Magri u l-Ipoġew", Lil Ħbiebna, November 2003, pp. [179] Malta, with area of 316 km2 (122 sq mi) and population of 0.4 million, is one of the most densely populated countries worldwide. Nation of Malta by Roger I in 1091, as reported by several days the... 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