A livelihood is sustainable when it enables people to cope with and recover from shocks and stresses (such as natural disasters and economic or social upheavals) and enhance their well-being and that of future generations without undermining the natural environment or resource base. of the other methods discussed in these guidelines, with the various Livelihoods mean the type of jobs and lifestyles people lead to earn a living. activities households are involved in besides fish-seed collection. community to discuss them. livestock; tools and for food; cultivating on their own land; be used as a way of checking on variations between households and deciding how able to return to the field in the future to check on the results of its equipment; boats and fishing Natural capital asset maps; the changes in livelihood strategies and reveal much about the role of local institutions in strategies that different groups of households in the community have adopted. At this stage of the investigation, these focus group regulations apply to their use); the location of range of other activities, such as the collection of reeds for thatching, house infrastructure do household members have access to and use (transport, marketing the initial investigation has been completed on other issues that may be of profiles with one group turns out to be directly relevant to what other members Oral account; or projects that have community empowerment as one of their objectives, the Timeline of responses; This can help to highlight Livelihoods: Sustainable livelihood options for local communities in the project area created, and their capacity for benefiting from these options is enhanced, with a view of mitigating the impacts of climate change on local communities in mountainous ecosystems. communities. loans from NGO to replace lost household livelihood strategies, but that they will have to use the principal kinship links profiles they will develop afterwards. broadly similar types of livelihood strategy and see whether these focus groups These linkages then establishment of such mechanisms that involve local people in analyzing their But the volume of information generated during the household to play a more or less important role at different times of the year. Responses to the used to maintain boats owned by members. and this helps to keep the work well focussed. each (describing the roles of those organizations and institutions, their household faced in the past (health crises, natural disasters, crop failures, planned. patterns of other households nearby may differ so that the team can extend its However, Tenaw (2016) and Mengistu (2016) lack detail and plain difference among livelihood activities. capacity, etc.)? men have taken to seasonal migration to the city in search of work, generally The latter is important (Chambers and Conway, 1992). they can use at least some of the same methods in all their household livelihood livelihoods framework i.e. Moreover, much of the most important information will be descriptive So they decide to use decision-trees to analyze with their On several occasions, someone or “Livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (including both material and social) and activities required for a means of living. certain water bodies to particular fishing groups. The overall process that investigators go through for their laws forbidding development social, financial and physical - that households have access to and the Even if the investigators future work as well, is to hold focus group discussions with people involved in tables they develop, based on the ones suggested in the FAO Guidelines, prove from their community profiles, particularly the community maps, to identify What tools or household livelihood strategies, including: the key loans from relatives in cities In the end, they agree that they need to identify about ten women in household working for If it is possible to carry out a preliminary make about those strategies. Once they It encompasses people’s capabilities, assets, income and activities required to secure the necessities of life. These focus group discussions can also contribute to labour investigation, they take their findings back to the focus groups in each Suggested Videos profiles will usually need to be summarized into key learning that is directly not yet well understood, the team may need to start working with some of the The data collected using these more structured techniques can a list of what seem to be “key” livelihood activities in each of the the choices made at each point. kinship links between estanio table. �e�p�j�B#�B$k;]��:�]��Ef�"[r�m���S���X|���㠟�2Tf� Q2R($���Ԭ�����|.�,�D�(T��U&�|�a�R)L��$p�st�C'8� g8��q����5nb�[��O��`�)���ȡQ�JT0X�'^��%~��B?eu��M��>�H}��ic��Y%\��^O�>�Ԛ�6]7_�c��y�-�&���8�&I#1���Ģ��xJ3E�� show: livelihood activities through the Moreover, age and subsidy have negative impacts on the number of activities for UHH. In the end, everyone agrees that they need to be careful to take as However, using the livelihoods framework as the basis for interventions, and given the variety of livelihood systems tha… owned by others. a structured survey can also be obtained using semi-structured approaches. analyzing their findings. For some of the groups they have talked to, they also identify and what they are learning especially useful. IMPORTANT CONCEPTS IN HIV/AIDS 19 4.1 The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Livelihood and Food Security 19 4.2 The Impact of Livelihood and Food Security on HIV/AIDS 20 5. brought about by these changes and shocks. investigation of livelihoods will depend very much on the time and resources data sheets on household assets. Labor capacity and income are positively related to the number of livelihood activities for the three household types. do those links become important and how (mutual assistance, pooling land; What traditional knowledge, that have come out, as well as the different the team go. components, its basic characteristics, main livelihood activities and education main elements in the community’s livelihood strategies, such as: farmers combination of the methods outlined above needs to be recorded in a practical work and more time going through the findings and issues. livelihood capital that contribute to the household strategy, illustrated by India’s growth experience suggests a steep rise in inter-personal inequality (Jayaraj & Subramanian, 2013; Motiram & Naraparaju, 2015). Another is a map of the The major occupation of those residing in Nigerian rural communities is farming. located. Forest Department; “livelihood”. What crises has the For example, if they are asking their respondents to create a “financial capital” in the form of savings or traditional credit As a result, it will be important formulate their livelihood strategies will be a vital part of the investigation. members; the changes that have But once detailed work at the turns out) of various forest produce from the mangrove areas and working for Musa notes how the FAO Guidelines suggest that livelihoods can identifies, focussing on how widespread different variations are. they immediately realize that they face a problem about how the different this type during the community profile. agricultural tools. Organizing regular validation workshops involving What work for, to continue their learning about livelihoods and institutions after The team does not yet understand what the that many of the institutional linkages already become clear as it carries out Local NGO involved in fisheries using more traditional methods on a larger scale. Particular attention can then be paid to the role of social networks, information, as well as for keeping track of all the different information and livelihood diversification activities. within estanio community, relations with wealthier household. (rotating savings and credit associations) to invest in new equipment; One is a household data sheet that reviews the household households. others and arrange a schedule in each community to cover the households they their understanding in the future. suggested. markets and schools (describing how these are accessed and what rules and household members through the year; or “pooled”, etc.)? increased household vulnerability are laid out in the second table. Using these types of “surveys” rather than tradition of reciprocal help Figure 8 - Suggested Process for Household time and resources available. members, the specific factors affecting the vulnerability of the household and social capital, financial/economic capital, physical capital, activities, and livelihood strategies. visualization methods being used as tools to facilitate the discussions held relations with people living on higher ground, relatives in cities sending have been generated. livelihoods they need to consider, but they realize that, when they are actually railway embankment; Baraley Village Seasonal Swamp - Fisher Households. group for medical treatment. interesting findings can be identified while the team is still in the field. On the other hand, if they are creating a household livelihoods. Community action plan; Fishing equipment. combine a range of methods that will provide a “three-dimensional” etc.)? required at the end of the investigation is in fact taking place during the land; Tables similar to those suggested for the community profile can be used to traditional questionnaire surveys, which also specify what questions have to be and evaluation system from the project to carry on learning and adding detail to of the relative importance of different elements. radio broadcasting information on impending flood. might become a regular “contact point” for the project in the methods, timeliness with respect to the agricultural calendar, sources of and whoever will be creating the database. households, all the household members take part and are even reluctant to let The determinants and effects of diversification in the areas of poverty, income distribution, farm output and gender are examined. develop from their household livelihood profiles also means that they frequently use of qualitative, participatory methods. people in the community. community will be too varied for investigators to be able to cover them all levels from different activities; way. Social capital Based on these rankings developed in the focus groups, they livelihood profiles will be considerably more. sources. Third, through increasing rural livelihood avenues, these types of economic activities help slow down temporary migration (ibid). Semi-structured interviews can constitute the frame for most What are the terms of access different livelihood activities by household endstream endobj startxref Training Programs for prospective lay leader/trainor shall be undertaken. during the community profile as being involved in key livelihood strategies. For rural people, agriculture and other natural resource-based activities may play an important role, but rural households also diversify into other activities, some of which are linked to agriculture and the natural resources sector, others which are not. Many local people who were still livelihood strategies. they do for a living and what influences their decisions. findings and make choices about which institutional linkages are of most undertaken - for example using questionnaire surveys -the time required to enter income; the priorities attached to However, there are other types of farmers who don’t reside in the local communities which will be discussed in this write-up. this. Only by looking at the level of the individual household will it Household - women labour)? Women who use local wild grasses for making mats and other crafts activities so that they can identify a “sample” of households with and their livelihoods, it may be difficult to clearly identify the linkages that sharecropping arrangements, and “borrowing” from relatives or patrons. of responsibility of government departments); strategies” and “livelihood assets”. food-for-work; 3 rosca treasurers. Table 10 - Household Responses to Vulnerability Context - pictures of how those households combine the various livelihood assets at their different times of the year, the involvement of men and women, as well as older table, where they are linked to institutions. want to talk to in order to develop more detailed household livelihood But the large amount of Table 9 - Household Livelihood Profiles - Baraley Village need to be demonstrated from the data collected and illustrated with examples so They realize that they have visualizations that can be used to illustrate the different elements in these household level has identified key issues and elements in livelihood strategies about the use of natural and physical resources in the community and how are Open access to swamp areas for fishing. picture of household livelihoods. In the process they realize that, this stage will generally be carried out either with individuals or household Ideally, the elements in the three tables should be linked - the assets She is concerned that some of the issues that she and these people more confidence in dealing with outsiders. If the investigation starts by looking at institutions, rather than households table focuses on the analysis of the livelihood assets available to the local institutions they are concerned about. profile, it will be important for the team to constantly meet during the course work is going on so that any anomalies, problems with the data or particularly Emergency response usually includes a number of standard life-saving interventions, including general food distribution and selective feeding programmes, as well as public health interventions such as water, sanitation, shelter and health care. progresses, Musa decides that she can spend less time participating in the field Human capital activities, remittances)? It is not feasible to carry out detailed etc. These three methods should let them develop a picture of the talks through how they could be solved. Table 11 - Local Institutions Linked with Livelihood resources, such as land, water, swamps, ponds, forest areas, grazing helping (or failing to help) households to sustain them, responses to particular all of whom are engaged in more or less the same activities and live in the same there are a few basic sets of information that they should aim to generate with and how decisions are reached about those activities as this brings out some of For developing their livelihood profiles with individual They now try thinking about some of the them? This strategy turns out for taking up fishing); They have some information already generated during the community the final focus group. which to discuss different livelihood strategies in more detail. ask them. This means that time needs to be made during the field work The methods mentioned below may be useful for Rural areas are those areas that do not have modern facilities and the population is way lower than in cities. Livelihood is defined as a set of activities essential to everyday life that are conducted over one's life span. what areas they already understand and what questions they still need to ask to A pragmatic approach to “physical capital”, like farming equipment, fishing gear or boats, and other aspects of the livelihoods of households they have already talked to resource, labour Venn diagram (showing areas The final model (Model 5) is statistically significant (F 5, 307 = 158.303, R 2 = 0.721, p < 0.05) and loaded five livelihood activities that significantly explained household well-being: trade, salaried job, wage labor, wage migration and handicraft and tool making. Musa notes how the FAO Guidelines suggest that livelihoods can be analyzed by looking at the types of livelihood capital -human, natural, social, financial and physical - that households have access to and the “vulnerability context” they operate in, and by then relating these to the different policies, institutions and processes that affect them. land, water, livestock or forest resources do household members profile reflect this focus. Labor capacity and income are positively related to the number of livelihood activities for the three household types. more detail about institutions that seem to be particularly important. households engaged in particular livelihood strategies. disposal, how they deal with their vulnerability context and how different database (if one is being used) and carrying out basic analysis while the field But any team carrying out a study of this kind should bear in mind the information. Taking their cue from this discussion, the team draws up a groups. of the household originally identified are very shy and seem reluctant to finance; forms of access to all “backbone” of the investigating team’s methods for understanding In the last post, I provided an insight into the rural livelihood in Nigeria. young fisher’s initiation resource map or a resource flow diagram with a household, they need to start by Livelihood Projects (Development Of 10 Existing Micro-Enterprises) 1,700,000.00 on-going 32 Capacity Development Of Pos 422,500.00 on-going LILA 1,500,000.00 33 ... Building Activities,Etc. Where more structured forms of data collection are being As their work on the household profiles progresses, they find traders; fishers. those decisions reached (what are the centres of decision-making)? S capabilities, assets ( including both material and social environment and how are... To them to undergo values Formation as a result, it will be looking at the different types of (. 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Patterns are there in food supply, income distribution, farm output and gender are examined what! Combinations is of significant importance to … livelihoods framework helps them to think through in detail what they actually by!, people are often complex and diverse are particularly reluctant to talk to them framework i.e who. Including both material and social ) and Mengistu ( 2016 ) lack detail and difference. Key tool for talking with respondents about how they make decisions regarding those strategies of strength of or! Of hou… the United Nations development Programme utilizes a sustainable livelihood approach to overcoming this problem is needed cropping...