There are classes for human beings, animals, plants, objects of various shapes, etc. Tonga. Our present study seeks to look at one component of the lexicon: the comprehension and production of the nouns and predicate categories of words in isiZulu. IsiXhosa: Amakhwenkwe ayithanda kakhulu ibhhola ekhatywayo. The paper argues that although compounding of possessive pronouns with their co-referent nouns is not a peculiar feature of isiZulu and isiNdebele, it is restricted to certain formatives. Not all noun classes can be easily defined. We rather try to apply the principle ‘learn a little, use it a lot’. Sesotho sa Lebowa. As a rule, the tonal structure of the class prefix has a /HH sequence of tones. categories with the meaning of an adjective which may be used to modify a noun are identified. Google the noun has created a new word, google the verb. The noun comprises of two formatives, the pre x and the stem; its structure is depicted in Fig. Either a word that can be used to refer to a person, animal, place, thing, phenomenon, substance, quality or idea, or a word that modifies or describes a previous word or its referent; a substantive or adjective, sometimes also including other parts of speech such as numeral or pronoun. are suffixed and to which morphemes that encode negation (NEG), subject marker (SM) and object marker (OM) that cross-reference noun phrases (NPs), tense/aspect, modality, etc. Gentner reported the late appearance of verbs, which are more complex in structure than the underlying semantic structure of nouns. The themes provided a framework in which various interactions could be identified. 1. Therefore, in this article, I discuss the theory of Conceptual Blending (Dirven & Verspoor 2004; Fauconnier & Turner 2002) integrating it with isiZulu terminology. IsiZulu: Umama upheke uphuthu izolo ntambama. Classification. Since this is an introductory course to isiZulu, we do not attempt to teach you all the grammatical structures. In order to help those who are willing to learn Nguni language, lessons have been prepared; and the following lessons are specifically based on Zulu language. Pre xes express number and indicate the class to which a par-ticular noun belongs. Personal nouns : Nouns that denote human beings Eg : ubaba , intombazane , umfana. Up to class 10 singular and plural noun classes are regularly paired, with uneven-numbered classes usually containing singular nouns and the even-numbered classes containing plural nouns. which is applicable to isiZulu, as included in Table 1. In my discussion, I highlight aspects of The verbalization of basic constructs requires merging a pre- x with a noun and distinguishing an ‘and’ between a list and linking clauses. THE STRUCTURE OF THE PRIMARY NOUN Zulu primary nouns are made up of a regular morphological and tonal structure. 17 noun classes with embedded semantics and the agglutinative nature of isiZulu. A proper noun is a noun that refers to a specific person, place, or thing (Lady Gaga, Monongahela River, and iPad). The need of the adjective is therefore also supplied by other categories such as the nominal relative, the copUlative with na, the copulative with NP, the stative verb and the descriptive possessive. Ronga. Besides the classification of nouns and pronouns (usobizo), isiZulu also looks into tenses, adjectives, adverbs and other linguistic aspects. There are some exceptions, e,g, a noun such as amanzi ‘water’ structurally appears in a plural class with the prefix ama- (noun class 6), but it is uncountable and does not have a singular form. Borrowed nouns : Nouns which are borrowed from other languages such as English and Afrikaans Eg : itiye , ubanana , itafula. All members of a given class share the same prefix. Venda group. New Zulu data challenge the idea of reified domains like the D(erivational)-Stem and Macrostem as relevant constituents for reduplication (Downing 1997, Hyman, Inkelas, and Sibanda 2009). Morphology plays a pivotal role in our understanding of the nature of language. noun translation in English-Zulu dictionary. 1st person 2nd person 3rd person Class abantu according action adjectival adverbs agreement applied becomes cattle causative chief Class clicks commencing compound concord conjunctive consonant construction contains Continuous contracted copulatives definite demonstrative derived diminutive employed ending English Examples express father formation full form future horse ideophones … This 11th lesson teaches an important part of speech aspect in Zulu which is the noun. Southern Sotho. In linguistics, a noun class is a particular category of nouns.A noun may belong to a given class because of the characteristic features of its referent, such as gender, animacy, shape, but such designations are often clearly conventional.Some authors use the term "grammatical gender" as a synonym of "noun class", but others consider these different concepts. The Nguni language structure is based on a system of noun classes and a system of concords. Conversion is the process in which a word of one grammatical form converts into a word of another grammatical form without any changes to pronunciation or spelling. The isiZulu verbal morphology typically comprise of a verb root (VR) to which extensions such as the causative, applicative, reciprocal, passive etc. Each class has a different set of prefixes for marking … For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languages, you can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languages. There is no gender distinction. Nouns. Formally the suffixes have a -VC- structure, as opposed to the regular CV syllable structure. Tsonga group. The paper argues that although compounding of possessive pronouns with their co-referent nouns is not a peculiar feature of isiZulu and isiNdebele, it is restricted to certain formatives. Cole, Desmond Thorne (1959) : The grammatical structure of Zulu - Notes and news Cope, Anthony T. (1956) : An investigation into the tonal system of Zulu, with special reference to nouns Cope, Anthony T. (1957) : The grammatical structure of Zulu The rich agglutinating morphological structure which characterizes isiZulu and other Bantu languages is based on two principles, namely the nominal classification system, and the concordial agreement system. O’Grady ( 1987 ) pointed out that nouns are used as ‘arguments’ or ‘primaries’ that refer to entities or a class of entities, whereas verbs and adjectives are often used as predicates or ‘secondaries’ (Caselli et al ., 1995 , p. 162). (1) The concord system in the African languages is largely based on the nouns found in the languages. Morphological and Phonological Structure in Zulu Reduplication Abstract This dissertation provides an account of Zulu reduplication within the derivational framework of Distributed Morphology (DM). Tswa. are prefixed. It is seen that the adjectival stems in isiZulu are very few. Zulu nouns belong to 15 different classes, roughly based on semantic features. Therefore, although structures such as the formation of adjectives (e.g. Setswana. In isiZulu the forms are very predictable, with suffixes of the form aCa generally changing to eCe (aCa + ile ⇒; aiCe ⇒; eCe). Loan words classification in isiZulu: The need for a sociolinguistics approach ... Students: All the underlined sounds signify a subject concord which is derived from the noun in the sentence. 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